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Tibetan diaspora
The Tibetan diaspora is a term used to refer to the communities of Tibetan people living outside the People's Republic of China. Tibetan emigration has three separate stages. The first stage was in 1959 following the 14th Dalai Lama's pilgrimage to Dharamsala in India, in fear of persecution from the Red Army. The second stage happened in the 1980s, when Tibet opened up to foreigners under PRC pressure and China force. The third stage continues from 1996 until today, with Taiwan being one of the favorite destinations of Tibetan Lamas. Not all emigration from Tibet is permanent; today some parents in Tibet send their children to communities in the diaspora to receive a traditional Tibetan education. The 2009 census registered about 128,000 Tibetans in exile, with the most numerous part of the community living in India, Nepal, and Bhutan. However, in 2005 and 2009 there were estimates of up to 150,000 living in exile.
==Origins and numbers==
The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) provides a Green Book - a kind of Tibetan identity certificate - to Tibetan refugees. Based on a CTA survey from 2009, 127,935 Tibetans were registered in the diaspora: in India 94,203; in Nepal 13,514; in Bhutan 1,298; and in rest of the world 18,920.〔 However, their number is estimated at up to 150,000, as mentioned by both Edward J. Mills et al. in 2005 and by the 14th Dalai Lama in 2009.〔Edward J. Mills et al., (Prevalence of mental disorders and torture among Tibetan refugees: A systematic review ), BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2005; 5: 7. "It is estimated that more than 150,000 Tibetan refugees reside in the neighboring countries of Bhutan, Nepal, and India"〕〔(His Holiness the Dalai Lama Meets Himalayan Community and Foreigners who visited pre-1959 Tibet ), 6 May 2009, "He said that the Tibetan refugees numbered just 150,000"〕
The larger of the other communities are in the USA, Canada, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norway, France, Taiwan and Australia.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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